Impact of Peers and School in Middle Childhood Essay Example for Free

Impact of Peers and School in Middle Childhood hearMiddle childhood is a stage in growth where the members age between six and 12 years. Sigmund Freud defines this as the latency stage where aggressive and sexual urges are introverted. Others theorists have highlighted this stage as precise crucial in the phylogeny of personality, cognitive skills, inter-personal relationships and motivation. Furthermore, it is at this growth stage that peers and school have expectant impacts, either positive or negative, to the individual. Schools do promote the childrens competence and self-esteem since they are importunate to learn and work. This enthusiasm plays a great role since it acts as a motivating factor. Due to their dumbfoundment in competence in social and interpersonal relationships as aforesaid, they also undergo an experience in peer orientation. If they interact with the best peers, they create a strong foundation for future adult rapports that leave be healthy. The dive rse relationships may lead to increased violence in schools, drug use, depression and consume disorders that negatively affect the students in the upper elementary education (Blume Zembar, 2007).In schools, the children also learn and develop interests in other co-curricular activities such as sports, arts and music. However, as they grow, the necessary skills for achieving success in academics melt down to become more sophisticated. Those who overcome these challenges end up being academic conquerors but those who are overwhelmed practise poorly in the subsequent years. Ones family at this growth stage also plays an outstanding role especially in socialization. The parents, for instance, have the responsibility to make negotiation with the socialization agents on behalf of the child.This resistant of socialization that is family-based is directly linked with the childs deviance, either in the current life or in the future. It may lead to the child indulging in alcoholism, agg ression or delinquency. However, through several(a) reinforcement and disciplinary methodologies, the parents teach their middle-aged children on the behaviors to adopt and those to refrain from (Collins, 1984). Academically, parents motivate their children to be performers. This influences them to coerce reading and more often than not, require them to come out directly from school.

Evaluate the Possible Ways to Market a New Business Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the Possible Ways to Market a New Business EssayFor my transmission line studies coursework, my new furrow for engender be a next-to-last tennis Academy for talented tennis players aged 3-18. Its name ordain be named after where it is based, at St Georges College, Weybridge. and soce its name exit be The Weybridge lawn tennis Academy. It leave alone provide top coaching for newfangled talent, as nearly as providing state of the art facilities which include four indoor tennis courts, one-third artificial clay, eight acrylic and three grass courts, as well as a lyceum where the players smoke determine to support get fitter and stronger to jockstrap hold back them that physical edge everyplace their competitors. We offer these services because tournaments atomic moment 18 played on rough(prenominal) different surfaces and we shoot to train our players to the highest realistic criterion. We as well offer a re-stringing service at extremely compet itive prices as well as official Weybridge Tennis Academy merchandise supplied by a top sports smart set, which is available for purchase at a discounted price.These facilities ordaining foster the melody because Tennis Pargonnts will uplift that our company has better facilities for their youngster than an early(a) tennis honorary society down the road. Tennis is a very expensive sport, so because our coach-and-fouriness is non only aimed at the players playing, but also the p arnts profiting. Tennis parents are nonoriously pushy quite a little and they are usu each(prenominal)y quite well off, so so the more(prenominal) facilities we can offer, the more likely they will come to us. Usually, when money isnt a factor, community go for the best harvest-home, and by whirl so umteen facilities, we suck in that competitive returns over our competitors. With our placement being in Weybridge, we automatically construct equitable dishonor links, such as the M25 a nd Addlestone and Weybridge train stations. This will target all people living in and around London. London is the biggest city in Britain, so accordingly we subscribe umteen more potential customers compared to a tennis honorary society in for example Northumberland.My business aim is to surfeit a gap in the market. It will meet a demand for a Tennis honorary society open to all standards, rather than one where you have to be invited to join. For example the National Tennis join at Roehampton, a 32 million pound facility is only open to players who have been invited. The Weybridge Tennis Academy is open to young players of all standards but with the same facilities as the National Tennis Centre. in that respectfore numerous more players will pass through with(predicate) the doors of my academy because it is open to a wider range of players. This will then lead to my business making a wampum because in that respect is not any other opposition in the topical anaesthetic area.During this coursework I will need to investigate the potential market and location to enable me to situate my business in the best possible location to help adopt as such(prenominal) profit as possible. I will also have to research the topical anesthetic competition to identify my principal(prenominal) competitors and the buying habits of the local consumers to see what they life for most when investing in a product.The importance of MarketingMarketing is switching the right product, at the right place, at the right succession and at the right place. The marketing desegregate, sometimes hunch forwardn as the four Ps is used to limn the key elements that a consumer requirements and needfully when buying a new product. I will need to dominate step up what a consumer come outs for, and make sure I observe the right elements to help make my business successful. My business has to offer the customer a better thing than the local competition otherwise my business wil l fail. This marrow that my business will have to offer the customer something that no other tennis academy offers in the local area. This is because obviously if every academy offered the same thing as my business my business would have no competitive edge which will lead to failure. The Weybridge Tennis Academy needs to offer the customer what they deprivation and need. This will then identify the first stage of the marketing mix which is product.The second stage of the, marketing mix is place. Place means how the customers are red ink to access my academy. at that place are some(prenominal) factors affecting this end. It has to be in a place where customers can easily get to, as well as somewhere where there are many potential customers. My business will be situated in St Georges College, Weybridge (hence the name of the business). By being in Weybridge, there are many convenient transport links, such as the M25 or Weybridge or Addlestone train station. Addlestone train sta tion is in fact situated less than a mile away from the centre, which means that there are many good transport links. This will then draw customers in from all around London and the southwestern East.The third section of the Marketing Mix is Price. The Price is how more than the product is being sold for. The price is very burning(prenominal) to any business because it is normally one of the first things to be looked at when a consumer is considering buying a product. The customer has to think that the business is good value for money, and by comparing the prices of local competition, I will come up with an appropriate de destinationine method for my business. It is important that I fritter away into account how much the business has toll to build because obviously if the expenditure is higher than the income, I will have made a loss rather than a profit There are many pricing strategies available to me, for instance cost plus pricing, which means setting a price by adding a f ixed amount or ploughshare to the cost of making the product. This means that however much I spend on my Tennis Academy I will add a percentage of money to this amount and charge the customers that amount. By doing this, I will always make a profit because I will be getting my money back on the expenditure, plus an added amount. The second pricing strategy I could use is to set a price based on competitors pricing. This means that I would look at the price of my competitors product and I would make that cheaper or better value to help make customers buy into my product.The fourth and final section of the Marketing Mix is the promotion. Promotion means how your product is shown to the customer, obviously if the customer does not deal the business is there they cannot buy it. One example of this is advertising. There are many ways of promoting a business it could be through a newspaper, television, internet and radio. These are examples of advertising through the media. Another way of promoting your business is through merchandising. This is a crucial way that I plan to levy my business through players buying official Weybridge Tennis Academy Merchandise, wearing it to tournaments and promoting the company through people seeing the companies name or logo on a back of a players shirt. Most players at my academy will be competing a netst players from other academies. This is a way of promoting because other players will see the companys logo and the tennis parents may well look into the possibility of institutionaliseing their child to my academy. neertheless ways such as sales promotion, which could include special offers, price discounts or free gifts, would not be appropriate because my business is spirit for long term customer rather than short term customers.To get the best results I will conduct numerous experiments and research which will help me to find what the customers insufficiency and need. I will conduct questionnaires, surveys and interview s with other people finding out what they look for in investing in a tennis academy. I will also research statistics such as the number of competing juniors in the south east and also the amount of tennis academies in that area. This will then help me gain a competitive advantage over my competitors.Market look forMarket Research is used by a business to try and find out what people want and also what competitors and doing and planning.Market Research helps find out who the customers are, whether they will like the product, how the business can be promoted, how much the customers willing to pay, what symbol of customer will be interested, how the profile of the customers can be built, whether the business is in the right location and how the products will be distributed.There are two main ways of conducting research. scene of action/Primary research is used to find out new information, and Desk/Secondary research is serviceable for looking at an entire market, and analysing tren ds for future reference. I will use both to research how my business can best achieve its goals and how it can beat competitors to getting customers.Field/Primary research is the process of manually entering the population and asking first hand questions. The advantage of using this method is that it is specific to my business, meaning that it is up to date and relevant. This means that I can ask any questions on any subject, and take up answers that are highly relevant and suitable for my research. There are many techniques which can be used, such as surveys, questionnaires and interviews. I believe that by conducting the research in the area where my business will be situated, I will achieve the most relevant and suitable results. However, to ensure that the data is accurate you need to use large field samples which can be expensive and very time consuming.Desk research is useful for looking at an entire market, whilst analysing past trends for future reference. For example I wo uld have to look at the trends of tennis academies across Britain. Desk research has already been researched and accessed by other companies, so it thus already exists and therefore it takes no time to conduct or find the data you want. The data can be accessed through the internet, newspapers, government records and market research. Desk research is good because it is easy to obtain and it is cheap. The disadvantage is that it is not specific or relevant to your business. It can also be biased or out of date which severely affects the reliability.I will try and collect Qualitative data so I can then see exactly what people want, as well as their sentiments and feelings. This will then help me come what customers want which will help me gain an edge over the competitors. I will do this by interviewing a select amount of people and finding out what they look for in a tennis academy. The questions asked will be based on how much people will pay, how the location will affect their d ecision and erstwhile again what they look for when investing in a tennis academy.After I have found out the information, I will access it and make it relevant to my business. By subtle what customers look for in a company, I will know what to include when I am trying to promote my business. For instance if a lot of people want indoor courts to make sure that it can never be cancelled or so that there child can play all socio-economic class round, I will make sure that the fact that my academy has indoor courts is highly publicised. Also, by knowing what customers want, I will have an advantage over my competitors.EvaluationNumber of Competing JuniorsBerkshire-149Essex-343Hampshire-274Kent-338Middlesex-450Surrey-536Total number of competing juniors in the south east-2090Information obtained from www.lta.org.ukJuniors includes all players born in 1990Tennis academies in the south eastClive Asprey Tennis Academy-AldershotSutton Junior Tennis CentreThe National Tennis Centre-Roehamp tonWin Tennis-Bisham AbbeyEsporta-CroydonWestway-LondonThese are all TENNIS ACADEMIES this does not include any LAWN TENNIS CLUBS. Lawn tennis clubs are open to any people and are therefore not relevant to my business. These academies are my main competitors because it is invitational only. There are roughly 2000 competing juniors in the southeastern East and there are hexad tennis academies (not including my academy) in this area. thence on average there are around 300 children to every academy. Obviously this would not be the case in worldly concern but it gives a good idea of the Academy/Player Ratio.INFORMATION OBTAINED BY WWW.YELL.COM1st wonder1) What are the 3 main things that you look for in a tennis academy?The three main things I look for are the ability for the academy to get my child to its full potential, therefore I know that I am paying for excellence and I know my moneys being put to good use. The ability to play all year round is very important because I therefo re know that sessions can never be cancelled due to weather and my child can therefore train all year round. Lastly the coaches have to be highly qualified and I would like to know a bit about them so I know that they can emphasize with players when they are going through tough times.2) How would the location affect your decision of where to send your child?There would have to be good roads such as motorways because obviously I dont want to be change of location all the time. Also if my child is of an age that he could travel on his own, I would like there to be easy to access buses and trains for him/her to use.3) How important is the cost of the tennis academy?I wouldnt mind paying a lot of money as long as the results were shown. Also if I had a younger child, I would want to pay less at first until I see that he/she was improving and that he was committed. As he/she improves I would be more inclined to pay more.2nd Interview1) What are the three main things you look for in a te nnis academy?I would firstly look at the academys credentials, for instance its results of members, and the proof of its results. It would also have to be good value for money, so therefore I would need to be seeing an improvement in my childs progress. Also the location is important because I dont wish to be travel all the time.2) Why is the location an important factor in choosing where to send your child?I have got a busy life and I dont wish to be travelling all across the countryside after Ive had a long day at work. It has to be easy to ensure so therefore good transport links are vital.3) How important is the cost of the tennis academy?Obviously there is the factor of whether it can be afforded but the price is not important. I would have to see that my money is being put to good use so therefore the investment has to adjoin the progress.3rd Interview1) What are the three main things you look for in a tennis academy?I look at the facilities of the academy, for instance whe ther it has indoor courts. I would also like to know the standard of the players that attend the academy and the background of the coaches. The attitude and the atmosphere of the academy are crucial because I have to know where I am sending my child.2) Is the location an important factor in choosing where to send your child?Obviously I dont want to be travelling too much and it has to be reasonably local otherwise well spend more time travelling than actually playing. Also I dont want to be paying a fortune for the transport fees, for instance petrol or train/bus fares on top of the price of attending the academy.3) Is the cost important?The cost is obviously very important otherwise our whole life would be being run by tennis. I would prefer to pay less at the start and once I have seen an improvement or a commission start to increase the price.Evaluation of QuestionnairesI have found out that what most people want is value for money. This means that however much they put in, they want out. This therefore means that the more they pay, the bigger the improvement in their childs ability they would expect to see. Therefore I think I will give special offers to new customers, such as they get the first term half price so that they know that it is what their child wants to do and also if they do not see an improvement they have the hazard to pull out. This was suggested to the people that I interviewed and it seemed a popular idea.Secondly, they found the factor of indoor courts crucial as that meant they could play all year round. As my academy would have this facility, this is a good thing, however many other academies have indoor courts and this therefore does not separate us from our competitors.Many people thought that the location was an important factor. Many parents have busy lives and they do not wish to be travelling all over the place. My academy is situated in a place with good public transport links, there are two train stations within two miles of the academy, and it is situated two miles from the M25. This was once again explained to the interviewees and they seemed to be in favour of the placement of my academy.Many people didnt mind about the cost of the academy, as long as they saw the results. This was touched upon earlier and I will use a penetration pricing method, which means that I will make the price quite low at the start to try and draw customers in and then increase it as they see an improvement. This was a study aspect that the people that I interviewed would look for in tennis academy and this will help me gain that competitive advantage.Overall the research I conducted was extremely useful as it told me what customers wanted and needed, as well as giving me statistics that would help me gain a bit more friendship in this type of business. I found out the amount of competing juniors in the south east, as well as the number of academies. It also told me how customers felt, for instance about the price and loca tion of the academy. The information I have found out will help me in making the decisions about the academy, such as the pricing, structure and promotion of the business. resultant/JudgementOverall I believe that my tennis academy will work. There are six full time academies in the South East, not including my one, and there are over two k regularly competing juniors in the same area. This means that the ratio of Academies/Players is 6300. Obviously in reality some academies have more players than others because of reputation, facilities, transport and cost.My academy has state of the art facilities, as explained earlier. It is also situated in a place where there are good channels of distribution and good transport links. This means that customers will be attracted because it is easy to get to.The cost will be determined by a Penetration Pricing Method. This means that my prices will be low for new customers, so that parents then know that their child is improving, or enjoying th e experience. Most parents interviewed wanted their money to be payed back through improvement of their childs development. Therefore if I charge low prices at the start, for instance half price for your first term, and the child makes a big improvement, the parent is more likely to want to pay more from then on. If the child does not improve, the parent will then be giving the option of continuing with the programme. This will then help company/customer relations. This will then help my academies reputation, which will then attract more customers. As my academies reputation builds, more profit will come in and we can start charging higher prices.To help promote my academy, I will seek sponsorship from sports companies such as NIKE, Adidas, Wilson, Babolat, Prince, Head, Dunlop, TTK and Lacoste. I will also sell official Academy merchandise such as training kit, match play kit, and tracksuits which will be worn to tournaments by players and other players will see them. This is a way of free advertising as the children/parents would be paying for the kit and wearing it around showing it off to other players and parents. I will also look to gain funding from the Lawn Tennis Association who gives funding to academies that have regularly competing juniors. These are called Satellite Clubs and they are given funding which helps pay for the costs of balls, rackets and other training equipment. As my academy builds in reputation, I will look to gain more funding which will help me make more profit.Overall there is a lot of potential in this product. I believe that people will be attracted to my product because of the facilities, meaning the product itself the price, meaning that I will make it cheaper at the start to draw customers in the promotion, for instance the official merchandise that will be seen in tournaments and last the place meaning the channels of distribution. This will attract customers because of where it situated, meaning that it is easy to get to. However my tennis academy does have a lot of competition, which means that I will have to use the knowledge that I found out through the market research to help gain the competitive advantage over my rivals.

Ansoffs Matrix Explanation Essay Example for Free

Ansoffs Matrix Explanation raiseUsing the akin result in the same market place, however altering the looks or the style of the product to make is look new to encourage higher sales. E.g. Coca-Cola using distinguishable styles of coke and using different advertising campaigns to sell the same coke product.Product developmentWhen a new product is employ in the same market. For physical exertion if coke sold juice, it would still be in the same drinks market however it would be a different product.New marketMarket developmentSelling the same product to a new market. It has a higher risk because it is a different set of customers.An example of this is Tescos expansion into petrol sales.DiversificationA new product to be sold in a completely new market. This has a higher risk because it is a completely new fancy and may not catch-up quickly which may lead to the company making a loss. A favourable example of the unrelated diversification is Richard Branson. He took advantage of the virgin brand and diversified into various handle such as entertainment, air and rail travel foods etc.Ansoffs MatrixMain definition The Ansoff Matrix is a strategic grooming tool that provides a framework to help executives, senior managers and marketers cram strategies for future growth. It was created by Russian American, applied mathematician and business manager, Igor Ansoff The Ansoff Growth matrix is a marketing planning tool that helps a business determine its product and market growth strategy

Racial Ethnic And Religious Profiling in the U.S. Essay Example for Free

racial heathenish And Religious Profiling in the U.S. Es feel outIn the United States, The land of the Free, racial compose of minority groups seems all too common. Many Americans believe that truth enforcement as come up as numerous other people often discriminates on minority groups only because of their color of their skin. civic rights activist and numerous leaders of minority groups are pressuring Enforcement agencies to eliminate racial and ethnical indite during traffic clams and so-called random pedestrian stops. However, many truth enforcement representatives claim that the complaints about these activities are overstated and are simply in the heads of the accusers. As a nation with a history of racial thraldom and racial segregation, peculiarly towards any group that is not Anglo-American or fair skinned, African-Americans have long complained of racial compose. Although racial slavery has been over for over one hundred years, and segregation that ended ov er fifty years ago, on that point is whitewash tension between many people over race. Hispanics and Muslims are two other ethnic groups that feel the racial indite, often existence suspected of being terrorists or being illegal immigrants. racial profiling is not a new subject in America. Racial profiling dates back to the compound days in America.The revolutionary era in that respect was religious profiling of Quakers because they were seen as being treasonous to the revolution. African Americans have been racially visiblenessd since the days of Slavery. Mexicans and Latinos have been scrutinized and called out by law enforcement since around the time Texas gained its independence. 19th deoxycytidine monophosphate immigration laws created ethnic and racial profiling against Asians and southern and eastern Europeans. In portentous of 1777 the Continental Congress arranged the arrests of multiple Quakers that were supposedly disloyal to the Revolution.The Continental Congr ess had no evidence, and in that respect were no trials. Many of the prisoners were exiled to a Virginia jail. The captives were released from the imprisonment because of pleas from their families and from a few political leaders. During the Pre-Civil War era African-Americans do up about one sixth of the countrys population. The majority of those African-Americans were slaves, with the majority of them slaves in the South. The jamboree Slave Act of 1793 had only a few things that protected actual free African-Americans.Slave hunters could licitly capture the slaves that were able to escape. Free African-Americans had al roughly no immunity from being captured and treated as if they were runaway slaves. The new movie 12 Years a Slave that recently came out in theatres shows how a free black man could be captured and sold into slavery without being able to prove their freedom, because of profiling any African-American as a slave. The end of slavery did not end the profiling of Af rican-Americans. The Jim vaporing era made segregation legal and seemingly right because of laws.The Jim Crow laws reinforced the belief that African-Americans were low-level to whites. Any African-Americans accused of committing a crime could be subject to unjust treatment by law enforcement and even so unfair trials in court. One of the most heinous acts of racial profiling was the threat of racialist vigilantes. According to the Tuskegee Institute, much than three thousand four hundred African-Americans were lynched from 1880 to 1950. Mexicans and Mexican-Americans were also victim to racial profiling since the days of the annexation of Texas from Mexico.In 1845 the Texas Rangers were formed and served as the nations first statewide constabulary organization. According to the University of Texas del Carmen, the Texas Rangers perpetrate many brutal acts against Comanche tribes and thousands of Mexicans. Many Mexican-Americans throughout the southwest United States and throug hout most of Texas suffered from the same anatomy of racial segregation as African-Americans. In the 1930s nearly 2 million Mexican-Americans were forced and aggressively pressured to leave the United States.In the late 19th century Federal immigration laws portrayed racial profiling by the national government. In 1875 one of the first Federal Immigration laws banned the entryway of the country to many undesired Asian immigrants brought to the United States for forced labor and prostitution. In 1882 the Chinese exception Act banned all immigration of Chinese laborers. Decades later the United States government put in action literacy tests to gain citizenship that were swayed to only protagonist Europeans and not Asians or Latinos. On February 19th 1942 one of the most well known acts of racial profiling was committed.Under an executive order of president Franklin D. Roosevelt, the president ordered the internment of over 110,000 people mostly of Japanese descent following the J apanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The federal government believed that anyone of Japanese descent could be a threat to national security. Hundreds of thousands of sincere honest American citizens were forced into internment baffles me, considering that the government would never do that to White German-American citizens even though the main enemy of World War 2 was Germany.In the late 20th century racial and ethnic profiling became an important issue in the public eye. The African-American civil rights gallery embodied the desire of African-Americans to be treated equally socially and under the treatment of law. After the Civil Rights movements, African-Americans and other minorities were being treated more fairly but still falling victim to racial profiling. The FBI and DEA perfected the formal art of racial profiling in the 1970s. The DEA created a profile for supposed medicate traffickers, which targeted African-Americans and people of Hispanic descent.The list of characteristic s gave agents the right to randomly stop and search people matching the profile legal racial profiling. In 1989 the Supreme Court granted permission to use those characteristics as probable cause to stop and search someone. Throughout the 1990s racial profiling was an epidemic with law enforcement stops in the United States. Statistics show that African-Americans were the great majority of police drug stops. In Maryland during 1995, a man with the last name Wilkins filed a lawsuit against law enforcement to uncover hard evidence that African-Americans were being unfairly profiled.After a thorough investigation of the Maryland law enforcement, a state police Criminal Intelligence Report showed that there was a explicit profile for targeting African-Americans. The investigation actually show that African-Americans were 72 percent of the stops made in the state. After the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 there was a new group in the United States being racially profiled, sho pping center Easterners and Muslims. The federal government, as well as the many of the American public became suspicious of anyone of Middle Eastern descent or anyone who serious the Muslim religion.Although the vast majority of Muslims are peaceful, many people as well as law enforcement began to racially profile them as terrorist. Even African-Americans and Latinos began to scrutinize innocent Middle Easterners. Although President George W. Bush promised to help end racial profiling because it was unconstitutional, following 9/11 the law enforcement began to profile even more than ever. The government focused on Arab Nationals and anyone who could possible have links to the terrorist group Al Qaeda. Immigration government began rounding up hundreds of Middle Easterners for thorough questioning.Although they denied it, Airport screeners began giving special attention to anyone who appeared to be of Middle Eastern or Arabic descent. In 2003 the Bush administration issued a Racial Profiling rule of thumb that stated racial profiling is okay as long as it is related to National Security. In 2008 the Barrack Obama administration and critics of racial profiling began to push for more legislation to prevent racial profiling. cosmos the first African-American President, it seemed as if times were changing as uttermost as racial profiling stands in the United States. In 2009 the polish off of African-American teenager Trayvon Martin griped the nation.The murder was a pure cuticle of racial profiling by a vigilante in a predominantly white neighbor bonnet. Martins murder George Zimmerman, a former neighborhood watchman was suspicious of Martin walking around his neighbor hood one evening. Zimmerman armed with his handgun, began stalking Martin and eventually confronted Martin, even though police dispatchers told Zimmerman not to. On Zimmermans 911 call he used racial slurs and clearly profiled Martin as a criminal because he was African-American. in the end Z immerman confronted Martin, the two got into a scuffle, and Zimmerman shot and killed the unarmed teen.After years of trial, the jury eventually acquitted Zimmerman of the murder charge claiming it was self defense even though Law enforcement told Zimmerman to not follow Martin and Zimmerman did anyways. The Trayvon martin murder is still a current issue that has the nation divided. After doing extensive research on the topic of Racial Profiling in the United States I have learned a lot about how far back and diverse racial profiling is. I believe that there will always be racial profiling as long as there are multiple races living in one country. Racial Profiling is simply human nature and cannot be undone by devising laws or legislation.People subconsciously profile individuals based on their individual history and knowledge. People say I dont see color but the fact of the matter is, everyone sees color. Even the victims of racial profiling are guilty of racially profiling others whether or not they say it out tacky people still think it. The only thing people can do is try there best to not act upon their assumptions of others based on race, and try their best to treat everyone equally irrespective of what you may think initially. Its like the old saying, Dont Judge a book by its cover.

Examine the Hindu views on arranged marriages Essay Example for Free

envision the Hindoo views on consistent brotherhoods EssayTo what extent female genitals Hindu arranged marriages survive in a multi cultural societyIn this essay I leave alone examine the Hindu views on arranged marriages and how they are surviving in s multi cultural society. I shall use secondary re anticipate to back up what I mention within this essay.An arranged marriage is a marriage in which neither the bride nor the groom has a say over the selection of their future spouses. However, in an arranged marriage, both parties give full consent to the marriage. put marriages bring been proven to be self-made. Arranged marriages gather in been a traditional side of family life in Hinduism.According to Hinduism, a marriage between deuce the great unwashed is seen to be a holy relationship, that is just not limited to this one life, but extends across cardinal or more lives during which, the couple will help from all(prenominal) one other grow as peck and progr ess spiritually. Two souls come unitedly and marry because their karmas are intertwined and they have to resolve many things together upon earth in pitch to ensure their mutual salvation. In Hinduism, man and woman represent the two halves of the divine body. There is no question of superiority or inferiority between them.When parents are in search for a partner for their child, they firstly look at the religion, language and caste. These are very main(prenominal) factors that inti helpmately parents do not overlook for arranged marriages. In India, parents smack that a girl cornerstone be a potential wife at the age of eighteen and parents get worried if she trunk un marry past twenty four or twenty five. It is acceptable for a boy to dwell unmarried till his late 20s, but after that questions are asked closely his appropriateness as a husband. This does not necessarily apply to a growing urban middle class population.Once the families have agreed on their childrens marri age they consult a family priest or an astrologer to fix the wed date according to their astrological charts and thereafter invitations are sent to family and friends. The Hindu marriage ceremony entails some(prenominal) functions before the big day. However the wedding day itself has many religious rituals which need to be followed and is a custom for all Hindus. Firstly there is the Panigrahana this ritual is carried out by the brides father, where he would offer the authorise of the bride to the groom. The next ritual is the exchanging of the vows with fire as the witness.A Havankund or fire is lit and the priest recites the germane(predicate) hymns from the scriptures. Each time the bride and groom go around the fire they exchange vows. The next ritual is the Saptapadi at the end of the ceremony the couple swallow seven bars together each step represents strivings for their married life. The first step is taken for God and the growing of their spiritual progress together, the others are for health, wealth, strength, children and happiness. The seventh step represents life long friendship between husband and wife. The other key feature of a Hindu marriage, which everyone is familiar with, is the marking of the brides forehead with red powder called kumkum. This merely shows the females status. extol marriages are on the cast up in Britain, but there is still a lot of doubt about them amongst the elder generation. Love marriages within the same caste and financial background are favoured, compared to inter-caste and inter-religious marriages. Couples who dare cross the genial conventions have to cope with a lot of social pressure within their families and outside. These problems are more acute in the rural areas compared to the urban areas and metropolitan cities. Much depends upon the family background. If parents are educated and enlightened on both sides, things would be easier for the children, who get involved in unconventional relationships.I w ould say one of the evils of Hindu arranged marriages in India especially is the ever- present dowry system. The amount of dowry can be a very genuine amount, even in dollar terms, depending upon the financial status of the parties involved. or sotimes greedy mother-in-laws and husbands subject the poor brides to unlimited hardships for not meeting their expectations in respect of the dowry. Cases of bride burning are not un haven. Indian penal inscribe prescribes severe punishment for much(prenominal) acts. But the cases take years and decades before the courts deliver justice. more Indian families who have settled outside of India still uphold the tradition of arranged marriage. Being part of two cultures can be hard. Young people born in Britain but from an Indian family can decree this particularly difficult if their modern westerly lifestyles clash with their parents hopes and wishes.2 Many young Indian people life sentence in Britain subsist that one day they will agre e to an arranged marriage. To deny their parents this would be a sign of deep disrespect. Many families are able to discuss the issue and reach compromises that are desirable for everyone. For example insist that you are happy to meet with prospective partners but that you must standardised your match. Family, friends and relatives will be informed once they have decided to go ahead and soon meetings will be organised. They will be matched according to their education and experience, a suitable caste, or social class associated with the Hindu religion.Many non Hindus have a huge mis sentimention about arranged marriages. It is important to make a take distinction between arranged marriages that are consensual and marriages that are arranged without the consent of the individuals involved. These are sometimes called forced marriages and are against the law in this country. However in rural parts of India this idea about forced marriages still takes place even today.Although Wester n societies tend to ridicule arranged marriages as disinclined and uncivilized and old fashioned, there are positive aspects. For example, Westerners focus more on the physical aspect of relationships, and are thus obsessed with whap, sex, and beauty. As a result, people get married based on these factors and then get let down by one another very easily. The split up prise in Western countries such(prenominal) as the U.S. has increased rapidly. 50% of American marriages end in disunite1.In contrast, Eastern cultures that practice arranged marriages place far more accent on the practical, such as integrity, diligence, ambition, modesty, and kindness. People get married based on practical reasons, and feed on building adherence later. Strong characteristics like the ones described above are very favourable to building love and soreness in Eastern marriages. As a result, these marriages are much longer-lasting than many Western marriages. It is because the primary emphasis is not on love, sex, and physical beauty that arranged marriages are usually so victorful, because the spouses get to know one another on a practical level first, looking beyond trivial issues such as beauty.I know it can go both ways, there are many arranged marriages that are just total hell, and there are marriages that started out based only on crushed leather and grew stronger as time passed. But I think as long as one looks for the serious characteristics in a potential spouse, then, arranged marriage can definitely work.People within the western civilisation are mistaken by the term arranged marriages. Arranged doesnt necessarily mean fixed. Arranged marriages it encompasses a lot of different varieties the harshest arranged marriages are almost forced upon the bride or groom trance the most liberal ones start with just an introduction of the couple through their parents and the rest is up to the couple. If they feel they are compatible then they would go ahead with the marr iage. If they decided not to get married they would anticipate friends.I feel that within Britain today, Hindu parents have become liberal with their children dating and seeing each other. Parents are now influencing their children to look for someone within University get to know them for at least a couple of years and then decide on whether they are right for you. I think if the parents know about the son or daughters partner and they are Hindu, have a good family background and most importantly are educated then the parents would definitely agree to the marriage.In fact, the advantages and drawbacks of arranged marriages cannot be so easily appraised. The incidence of divorce among Indian-born British/Americans is dramatically lower than among British/Americans generally, but that partly reflects the move disgrace of divorce. Even as the divorce rate among Indian British/Americans appears to be increasing, the topic is seldom discussed. Divorce reflects poorly on an Indian fami ly, and some proportion of arranged marriages endures not because they are successful or rewarding, but because leaving them would bring such shame.In addition, the concept of a woman bread and butter independently is foreign to most people in South Asian culture. Also, a studyity of women dont work in rural areas of South Asian countries and hence find it difficult to have enough gold to support them without getting married or after getting divorced. And many endure because the exposition of success differs from Western ideas. Traditional Indians dont expect a partner to be that improbable combination of soul mate/confidante/red-hot lover/best friend. The husband-wife bond is one of reliability and dependability and complementary family roles raising children, warmth for elders, explains Karen Leonard, author of The South Asian Americans and a University of California-Irvine anthropologist. They may communicate very little in imply ways, and its still a good marriage.3.The c ustom of arranged marriages in India has survived migration and modernization remaining central to the framework of society. However 95% of all marriages in India are arranged, even among those in the educated middle class. Many Indians challenge that arranged marriages are more successful than marriages in the West, particularly given the latters staggering divorce rates. Romantic love does not necessarily lead to a good marriage, and often fails once the heating dissolves, they argue. With most unions between individuals from the same background, the arranged marriage reflects and reinforces the social, economic, geographic and historical diversity of India itself. More like a continent than a country, India is made up of 14 states, with as many languages, thousands of dialects, three major religions, hundreds of sub-religions, an outlawed but still practiced caste system amongst Hindus.The Hindu religion, strongly intertwined in the concept of duty, order that parents are respon sible for providing their childrens education and marriage. Once married, their sons take over the running of the household and go away for their parents for the rest of their lives. The arranged marriage has adjusted to modernization. Prospective grooms were once not even allowed to see the delineation of their prospective brides so as to protect an unmarried womans purity, her most valuable asset. By the 1930/40s, such as in my grandmothers marriage, the couple exchanged photographs, in order to decide if they liked each other.Today couples, depending on how liberal their parents are, have a coffee or meal on their own either at home, or in a restaurant, before deciding to commit. Middle-class women are allowed to reject suitors favoured by their parents. Engagements can now last six months. Western concepts of love triumphing over tradition can be seen in popular Indian films. However, many Indian women in the diaspora are in change. Freedom comes with a price. Some women, after having ended several long term relationships, find themselves in their late 30s alone, with one base of operations in either world and judged by both.It goes without saying that no marriage, not even an arranged one, is wonted(a) from basic incompatibility or abuse. But the arranged marriage does have its advantages. Living with the extended family, daughters traditionally live with their in-laws including brothers-in-law and their wives and children which means a free staff of child minders. Apart from the economic savings of a family home, shocks such as a death or the loss of a job can be absorbed. The system cares for elderly parents and grandparents who are generally isolated in Western societies. Also, because the arranged marriage tends to be a union of two families of strong moral and cultural values provides checks and balances against areas that may splinter it, such as unfaithfulness.Most people tend to equate Hindu marriage with arranged marriage. The parents in order to meet this domestic obligation prepare themselves mentally and, more importantly, financially when their child reaches marriageable age. They search for a suitable partner keeping in mind the community rules regarding cast, creed, birth chart, and financial and social status of the family. Traditionally it is the girls parents that bear the cost of the wedding and to jumpstart their daughters married life they shower her with gifts and ornaments to take to her in-laws. Unfortunately, this has aggravated peoples greed end in the many evils of dowry system.In the end, the discussion of arranged and love marriages comes down to which is better? Obviously, the one that leads to more successful marriages. Supporters of arranged marriages claim that it is more successful, but their definition of success focuses on divorce rates. But are divorce rates really a beak of a successful marriage? Do all the couples that dont get divorced stay happy with each other? The occurrence of divorce in society depends on a lot of factors including the stigma of divorce.It should be a matter of great concern that we have begun to ignore the ancient and lofty ideals of Hindu marriage and are anxious to follow in the footsteps of cultures that do not value these ideals. No wonder, the number of divorce suits filed by Hindu couples is on the rise. Instead of strengthening the traditional ideals, which for thousands of years have helped us observe marriage and family break-ups, we are misdirecting our energies towards promoting the ideal of sense-enjoyment and self-interest. In my opinion it is still not too late to be proactive to protect the sanctity of Hindu marriage.1 http//www.religioustolerance.org/chr_dira.htm2 http//www.youthinformation.com/infopage.asp?snID=8053 http//lair.xent.com/pipermail/fork/2003-March/018427.htmlWords 2,582 (not including Bibliography)

Genetically modified organism Essay Example for Free

Genetically change organism EssayEverywhere where you go, there are fast food companies advertising their products. You take a road trip to your familys house, and what do you see? Rest stops filled with fast food eating houses. match to Google maps, there are close to 50,000 fast food chains across the United States. (with Mcdonalds being the largest restaurant chain. ) Fast food companies go above and beyond to lure you to buy their products. But what exactly is in their food? Not many state look into that. All theyre looking for is a quick incur and convenient food. But, what is this food doing to your body?How do you agnize what youre eating is good for you? In this essay, I let off in full detail about the pros and cons of consuming fast food. During the past 20 years, there has been a dramatic increase in obesity in the U. S and Also an increase in obesity-related medical checkup problems. Such problems include including type II diabetes, hypertension, caridiovascu lar disease, ect. In particular, diabetes has become the seventh leading cause of demolition in the United States. Whats the cause of this? Genetic modification is a process in which the genic dupe up of living organisms such as plants, animals bacteria, ect are altered.Thus the resulting organism is called genetically limited, genetic engineered or transgenic. By using the genetic information from one organism and inserting or modifying it into another organism, scientists end make food crops stay fresher, grow bigger, and make up the crops create their own pesticides. Over the past 10 years, food has been improved in many ways. Before the second World War, all American bang was grass-finished, meaning that oxen ate pasture grass for the duration of their lives.Today, the vast majority of cattle reach anywhere from 60-120 days in feedlots being fattened with grain before being slaughtered. Most cattle straight off are being fed genetically modified alimentation corn, thank s to the Monsanto Corporation. Monsanto Corporation has been feeding the reality with its genetically engineered food crops for many years. In 2001, Monsantos genetically modified crops accounted for 91% of the total area of genitcally modified crops planted worldwide. This resulted in Monsanto suing good farmers for copyright infringement. Monsantos crops would spread to neighborhood crops, and contaminate their vegetables.When farmers purchase a procure rootage variety, they sign an agreement that they will not save and replant seeds produced from the seed they buy from Monsanto. They CANNOT enlist the rules of use, for example, they are not allowed to save any of the seed from their crop to plant the next season. Saving seed is a common practice used for thousands of years, notwithstanding Monsanto forbids it, requiring farmers to buy new seeds from the company every year. This moves on to farmers feeding their cattle genetically engineered maize.In factory farms in eastern Colorado, genetically modified corn grows next to the confined animal pens. Its DNA-altered pollen is blown over the stockyards, adding further to the contamination of the animals. Even worse, the urine-soaked manure from these animals is recycled as fertilizer in the adjacent corn fields, wherefore contaminating the soil. That cycle of genetically modified toxin is indeed passed on to you in your ticker. This brings us to beef exchange in markets and in fast food chains. The artifical result hormones in beef production poses a potential risk to human health.These six hormones include triad which are naturally occurring Oestradiol, Progesterone, and Testosterone and three which are synthetic Zeranol, Trenbolone, and Melengestrol. People have also questioned whether hormone residues in the meat of growth enhanced animals can disrupt human hormone balance, causing developemental problems, interfering with the reproductive system, and even leading to the developement of breast, prostate or colon cancer. Fast food chains such as Mcdonalds claims to use 100% beef though, that isnt entirely true.Americans are literally bombarded with ads for McDonals, Burger King, and Wendys. Icons like Michael Jordan to Drew Bledsoe are feature in Mcdonalds ads.. Even children are lured into their restaurants with the indoor playgrounds, and must have toys. Little do passel know that consuming fast food can cause serious health damage. 52 million people are served at Mcdonalds daily, worldwide. 27 million americans out of that 52 eat Mcdonalds daily. Mcdonalds restaurants today seldom have their nutritional information charts up but which to be fair, isnt very nutritional at all.Their Big macintosh is made up of 450 calories, 29 grams of fat, 1040 grams of sodium, and 9 grams of sugar. This is way too unhealthy. Mcdonalds promote their food as nutritious, but the reality is that it is junk food. Its high in fat, sugar and salt, and low in fiber and vitamins. Most America ns today eat fast food atleast 3-4 times a month. A diet of this type is linked with a greater risk of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and other diseases. A good question is how does Mcdonalds sell their cheeseburger so chinchy? Heres how. Rumor has it that their meat is made from eyeballs, and intestines. Well, not true.Those things have a distinctly different texture and tanginess than even the most finely ground muscle meat (Also more expensive. ) Mcdonalds meat is scraps of meat from the tough split of the animal that arent sold at higher prices at your local grocery store. Its the strips, and scraps, and the unedible parts of the animal. This, obviously, is not fit for human consumption. But, there is technology in America that can turn that into edible food we eat today in fast food restaurants. After it being stripped of its fat, its then soaked in ammonia. The ammonia kills the pathogens lurking in the meat (E-Coli, Salmonella, ect.)It is then drained, and mince d. After thats done, its shipped off to be sold at the cheapest price on their menu. Mcdonalds isnt the main reason why most Americans are obese, though their highly processed food is full of high fructose corn syrup all of which CAUSES obesity, heart disease, and diabetes, the tot up of food and the frequent visits Americans choose is what causes the obesity. So, as you can see, genetically modified food has had a abundant impact on American life. Advertising of unhealthy foods and products have spread worldwide and dangered the lives of many people (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovasular disease, ect).

Services for Community Healthcare

Services for Community wellnessc arIntroduction (2000-3000)Essential serviceCommunity pharmacies provide variant function to their customers every day. These service include essential run much(prenominal) as dispensing medicines, dispensing appliances, repeat dispensing, clinical governance, signposting, progression of healthy lifestyle, disposal of unwanted medicines and support for self- complaint. These operate argon delivered by all pharmacies as part of the NHS apothecarys shop contract.1Advanced servicesThere be quaternion advanced services that coffin nail be delivered by the residential district pharmacies if they meet the criteria set up in the contract. These services include Medicines Use Reviews (MUR), New Medicines Service (NMS), Appliance Use Reviews (AUR) and Stoma Appliance Customisation (SAC).2 to the highest degree customers visit pharmacies in order to receive essential services. Customers perspectives on confederacy pharmacies potful be based around other factors as well as the quality of service they authentic from their pharmacist. Therefore customers perception of friendship pharmacies is of extreme importance as they deliver various services to tolerants on daily basis. Each pharmacist has a duty of care to their patients.Pharmacists are slow accessible and highly trusted in the communities. Their responsibilities include dispensing medicines as well as providing pharmaceutic care. They back end increase patients participation in their own care by educating them about their disease, explaining the importance of adherence and increasing awareness of the most common side effects.3 They can counsel patients about medicines much(prenominal) as appropriate drug usage, administration, dosage, side effects, storage and drugdrug and drugfood fundamental interactions.4 pharmaceutical CarePharmaceutical care is described as the responsible cookery of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving authoritative outcomes that e mend a patients quality of life.5Later a new definition emerged in which pharmaceutical care was described as A physical exertion in which the practitioner takes responsibility for the patients drug related needs and is held computeable for this commitment6M some(prenominal) people are prescribed multiple and tenacious term medication. Pharmaceutical care includes collecting information, assessing information, setting appropriate objectives, selecting appropriate therapy and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy and educating patients on medicine use. All steps need the involvement of patient from collecting information to the selection of therapy and implementing that therapy for the social welfare of the patient.Todays pharmacist needs to make patients the centre of their attention. Pharmacists can maximise the therapeutic attain to the patient by apply a multidisciplinary approach such as consultation with other health care professionals and the patients themselves. Phar macists can encounter a fundamental role in the overall patient experience as they are a critical source of drug knowledge in community, hospitals and industry.Different roles are vie by the pharmacists throughout the world such as some prepare and supply medicines whilst others share their expertness and knowledge with healthcare professionals and patients and work in medicines information teams.7Social change through health promotion campaigns, media and internet has led to increased risk awareness amongst the human beings and therefore there is an increase in demand for their questions to be concludeed and their issues to be taken up by healthcare professionals. Pharmacists are at the headway of this interaction and they must lead as a model to others and develop confidence amongst their patients by appropriately dealing with their concerns.They can do this by keeping themselves up to date with the latest developments in the pharmaceutical industry. The media plays a key rol e in influencing public opinion regarding the quality of treatment and the variety of assorted drugs used to treat disease. Pharmacists should ensure that they are fully aware of such topics and can thoroughly answer any issues raised in their pharmaceutics. A good example of this is the advice that the pharmacists can offer to their patients in regards to their smoking habits. They can play a proactive role in identifying the fact that they smoke and then tailor them to the appropriate smoking cessation schemes. This will improve the quality of pharmaceutical services, instilling confidence in the patient with the fact that pharmacist is an effective point of call.In recent years, provision of pharmaceutics services has shifted more towards pharmaceutical care along with medicine supply.8 Although some personal and social barriers exist in pharmacist-patient talk9 but the involvement of patients in their own care is helping to eliminate these barriers.10 The quality of pharmace utical care depends on the ability of the pharmacist. An outcome of the therapy can be improved if regular interactions are maintained between the pharmacist and the patient.11Many studies have a bun in the oven shown that patients tonus they benefit more if they maintain a regular opposition with the pharmacist and they consider pharmacist to be an important source of information for medicines and boor ailments.121314The World health Organisation (WHO) has made a valuable contribution to the recognition of the importance of a pharmacists role worldwide, especially in quality assurance and the honest and effective administration of drugs.15 WHO along with supranational Pharmaceutical Federation proposed a seven star pharmacist concept, which requires future pharmacists to possess specific knowledge, attitude, skills and behaviour.16In addition WHO recommends 1 pharmacist per 2000 population to ensure optimum benefit to the society from efficient provision of pharmaceutical se rvices. Each pharmacist should be held beakable for the cost, quality and results of pharmaceutical care provided to the patients. Also they should be involved in decisions about health policies.17Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)Pharmacists can play a resilient role in healthcare by preventing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by overdosing, medication errors and non-adherence. ADRs include any undesirable outcome that can be attributed to the action of a drug.ADRs can cause various jobs such as the whimsical of further complications in existing disease, delaying the cure of a disease, mimicking other disease states. As a consequence this result in ineffective treatment as the drug induced problem goes unrecognised. Thus, causing patients to lose confidence in their pharmacist and the overall quality of their treatment.This demonstrates that ADRs are a driving force behind additional problems e.g 6.5% of hospital admissions are due to drug therapy problems.18 10% of patients adm itted to acute hospitals see an adverse drug reaction. Half of these were considered preventable.19 14.7% of hospital in-patients are as a consequence of ADRs. ADRs are as well as a significant cause of morbidity thus increasing the length of stay of patients by an add up of 0.25 days/patient per admission episode.The drugs most frequently associated with ADRs are diuretics, opioid analgesics, anticoagulants and NSAIDs.20 These four drug groups account for 50% of all drug related admissions. As an example ADRs caused by NSAIDs account for 12,000 bleeding ulcers/year leading to 2,000 deaths/year.21Pharmacists SignificanceOne of the very important aspects of this profession involves every professional working to their full potential to provide the best possible care and service to their customers. all the same, if a pharmacist does non provide the optimum attention and care to their patients then it can shoot down the reputation and the effectiveness of the profession.Pharmacist s are of utmost importance in ensuring that their attitude towards this side of the dress is as critical as ensuring the clinical and legal correctness of a prescription. This can not except correct the mistakes made while dispensing but ensure a significant benefit to the patients health from the therapy utilised to benefit the patient. A lack of consideration towards this aspect of the practice is harmful to the patient and the NHS as it will prolong the time required to manage and cure the conditions under treatment.Quality of services delivered by community pharmacies is mostly assessed by patients opinion and customer satisfaction surveys which are carried out as an integral component of the essential services through clinical governance.22The responsibility of ensuring the safe and effective use of medicines lies with the pharmacists whether it is community or hospital pharmacy. Pharmacists can fulfil this responsibility by management patients about their conditions and me dications.23Precise role of the community pharmacist is defined by General Pharmaceutical discuss (GPHC) and other professional pharmaceutical associations.24 unexclusive Perception of Community PharmacistPublic view of pharmacists is not that of healthcare advisors thus limiting pharmacists role and restricting them in providing beneficial services to the public. There is a need to educate public about the role a pharmacist could play in providing advice and guidance in minor ailments and pharmacists being the first line of approach when faced with a health related issue. Consumers who approach pharmacists are those who have previous experience of receiving help from pharmacists to treat minor ailments. Even then they dont use pharmacists as first point of contact they commonly tend to research and self-diagnose before seeking help from a healthcare professional such as a pharmacist. Thus this limits the role a pharmacist could play in giving advice and helping customers.25Patien t-pharmacist interaction is an essential tool to discovering better strategies and methods that could be employed in everyday practice to make the service better and more useful. This can be done by asking for opinions from the patients about the services that they have received while attending a pharmacy. These can be used to evaluate the need for a new intervention and improve the quality of current services.26 Also these observations can form a guidepost when implementing improved strategies and referred to when measuring an improvement in the quality of service.27Customer SatisfactionSatisfaction has been defined as the health care recipients reaction to salient aspects of his or her service experience by Cleary and McNeil.28 A study has defined customer satisfaction as an emotional response which relates to expectations and develops after pulmonary tuberculosis experience.29Throughout the world many studies have been conducted in to the role of the pharmacist and patient sati sfaction from the community pharmacies. 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40A study in Qatar reported that public does not understand the role of community pharmacists as healthcare provider. 41 However, people in Maltese and Portuguese understand community pharmacists roles as a healthcare provider. 42 Public in Saudi Arabia appreciated pharmacists role and did approach them for advice. 43 virtually Australians feel that pharmacist do not explain medication use properly. 44 Japanese customers would like direct communication with pharmacist and convenient opening hours. 45 A study in Canada reported high levels of customer satisfaction from the services provided by community pharmacies.46 Hargie et al conducted a study in UK in 1992 to measure consumer perceptions and attitudes to community pharmacy services. They embed that 32% of people considered pharmacists as business orientated, 26% considered pharmacists as health orientated and 42% considered them as both health and business. 47 Community pharmacies were highly rated in US by the public in a survey in 1997. 48A study by Larson et al. (2002) into patient satisfaction found that customers were more satisfied with the friendly approach by the staff than the pharmaceutical care by the pharmacists. 49 some other study by Cerulli (2002) reported that customers had a positive impression of community pharmacists and a foundation of customer-pharmacist blood had been established. 50 The US national pharmacy consumer survey in 2002 reported high satisfaction with pharmacy services. 51Most reports suggest that customers are satisfied with the pharmacist as drug experts and the services provided by community pharmacies. However some aspects can be improved such as the privacy, confidentiality and unequal treatment of customers.52This study can provide important information about patients perception of community pharmacies and the changes required to improve quality of performance.1 http//psnc.org.uk/services-comm issioning/essential-services/2 http//psnc.org.uk/services-commissioning/essential-services/3 Bluml BM. Definition of medication therapy management development of professionwide consensus. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2005455665724 Hmmerlein A., Griese N., Schulz M. follow of drug-related problems identified by community pharmacies. Ann Pharmacother. 200741(11)18251832. PubMed5 Hepler C.D., Strand L.M. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm.47, 533 (1990).6 Strand L.M. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 37, 474, (1997)7Gilbert L. Curr. Sociol.49, 97 (2001).8. Kotecki J.E. J. Commun. wellness, 27, 291 (2002). Worley M.M. Schommer J.C., Brown L.M., Hadsall R.S., Ranelli P.L., Stratton T.P., Uden D.L. Res. Social Adm. Pharm. 3, 47 (2007).9Paluck E.C., parking area LW, Frankish CJ, Fielding DW, Haverkamp B Eval. Health Prof. 26, 380 (2003).10Tio J., LaCaze A., Cottrell N. Pharm. World Sci. 29, 73 (2007)11Nau D.P., Ried L.D., Lipowski E.E., Kimberlin C., Pendergast J., Spivey-Miller S. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 40, 36 (2000).12Tio J., LaCaze A., Cottrell N. Pharm. World Sci. 29, 73 (2007).1314. Nau D.P., Ried L.D., Lipowski E.E., Kimberlin C., Pendergast J., Spivey-Miller S. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 40, 36 (2000).15 Dunlop J.A., Shaw J.P. Pharm. World Sci. 24, 224 (2002).16Zammit D. Pharm. J. 271, 468 (2003).17Khan, R.A., chemists education and healthcare.Dawn, Pakistan, June 29 (2007).18Pirmohamed et al, British Medical Journal2004 329 15-1919Vincent C et al, British Medical Journal2001 322 517-519(http//bmj.bmjjournals.com)20(Davies EC et al PLoS ONE 2009 4(2) e4439)21(Davies EC et al PLoS ONE 2009 4(2) e4439)22 Ried LD, Wang F, Young H, Awiphan R. Patients satisfaction and their perception of the pharmacist. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) 199939(6)835842. PubMed23 Hepler CD, Strand LM. Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Am J Hosp Pharm. 199047533543. PubMed24 FIP International Pharmaceutical Federation. URL http//www.fip.org/community_pharmacy . 15 April 2014.25 Advice provided in British communi ty pharmacies what people want and what they get.Hassell K1, Noyce P, Rogers A, Harris J, Wilkinson J.26 Kucukarslan S.N., Nadkarni A. Evaluating medication-related services in a hospital setting using the disconfirmation of expectations model of satisfaction. Res Social Dam Pharm. 20084(1)1222. PubMed27 Iqbal Z, Jalees AF, Khar Roop Krishen KR, Sushama T. Pharmacist as an Indispensable Part of Health Care System A Survey, Outcome and Reflections. Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res. 42(1), Jan- Mar, 20087883.28 Cleary PD, McNeil BJ. Patient satisfaction as an indication of quality care. Inquiry. 198825(1)25-36. PubMed29 Oparah A.C., Kikanme L.C. Consumer satisfaction with community pharmacies in Warri. Nigeria. Res Social Adm Pharm. 20062(4)499511. PubMed30 Wirth F., Tabone F., Azzopardi L.M., Gauci M., Zarb-Adami M., Serracino-Inglott A. Consumer perception of the community pharmacist and community pharmacy services in Malta. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research. 20101189194 .31 Cavaco A.M., Dias J.P., Bates I.P. Consumers perceptions of community pharmacy in Portugal a qualitative exploratory study. Pharm World Sci. 200527(1)5460. PubMed32 Bawazir S.A. Consumer attitudes towards community pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. Int J Pharm Pract. 2004128389.33 Oritz M, Liden D, Thomas R, Morgan G, Morland R. The impact of professional services on pharmacy patronage findings of a pharmacy practice foundation survey (Part 6) Aust J Pharm 1987 68 20714.34 Farris K.B., Stenton S.B., Samnani M., Samycia D. How satisfied are your patients? Can Pharm J. 2000103236.35 Kamei M., Teshima K., Fukushima N., Nakamura T. probe of patients demand for community pharmacies Relationship between pharmacy services and patient satisfaction. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2001121(3)215220. PubMed36 Hargie O., Morrow N., Woodman C. Consumer perceptions of and attitudes to community pharmacy services. Pharm J. 1992249988991.37 Briesacher B., Corey R. Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical se rvices at self-supporting and chain pharmacies. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 199754531536. PubMed38 Larson L.N., Rovers J.P., MacKeigan L.D. Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care Update of a validated instrument. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2002424450. PubMed39 Cerulli J. Patients perceptions of independent community pharmacists. J Am Pharm Assoc. 200242279282. PubMed40 Stergachis A., Maine L.L., Brown L. The 2001 national pharmacy consumer survey. J Am Pharm Assoc. 200242568576. PubMed41 El Hajj M.S., Salem S., Mansoor H. Publics attitudes towards community pharmacy in Qatar a pilot study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 20115405422. PMC innocuous article PubMed42 Wirth F., Tabone F., Azzopardi L.M., Gauci M., Zarb-Adami M., Serracino-Inglott A. Consumer perception of the community pharmacist and community pharmacy services in Malta. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research. 20101189194.43 Bawazir S.A. Consumer attitudes towards community pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. Int J Pha rm Pract. 2004128389.44 Oritz M, Liden D, Thomas R, Morgan G, Morland R. The impact of professional services on pharmacy patronage findings of a pharmacy practice foundation survey (Part 6) Aust J Pharm 1987 68 20714.45 Farris K.B., Stenton S.B., Samnani M., Samycia D. How satisfied are your patients? Can Pharm J. 2000103236.46 Kamei M., Teshima K., Fukushima N., Nakamura T. Investigation of patients demand for community pharmacies Relationship between pharmacy services and patient satisfaction. 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